Country Profile: Bermuda

Bermuda, an archipelago located in the North Atlantic Ocean, is a British Overseas Territory known for its subtropical climate and vibrant tourism. Since its settlement in 1609, it has developed into a prominent offshore financial center, overtaking tourism as the mainstay of its economy. With a population of approximately 72,800, Bermuda's governance is a parliamentary democracy, functioning under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom. Despite its small size, the island maintains a robust economy, driven by international business and a service-oriented sector.

Geography

Bermuda is situated east of South Carolina, USA, comprised of over 170 coral islands and islets. The total area of the territory is approximately 54 square kilometers, featuring low hills and fertile depressions. The coastline spans 103 kilometers, and the islands experience a subtropical climate characterized by mild, humid conditions and occasional hurricanes.

54 sq km: Total area of Bermuda.
103 km: Length of the coastline.
12 nm: Territorial sea limit.
200 nm: Exclusive economic zone.
79 m: Highest elevation at Town Hill.

People and Society

Bermuda's population is estimated at 72,800 people, predominantly of African descent (52%), with a mixture of White (31%), mixed (9%), and Asian (4%) communities. English is the official language, while Portuguese is also spoken. The society is multicultural, with a rich tapestry of religions, primarily Protestant (46.2%) and Roman Catholic (14.5%). The population is characterized by a relatively even distribution, with urbanization at 100%.

43.9 years: Median age of the population (2025 est.).
82.5 years: Life expectancy at birth (2024 est.).
10.82 births/1,000 population: Birth rate (2025 est.).
0.27%: Population growth rate (2025 est.).
64.1: Total dependency ratio (2024 est.).

Economy

Bermuda’s economy is small and heavily reliant on tourism and international business, with a significant portion of GDP derived from services (91.5%). As of 2024, the real GDP (PPP) is estimated at $6.808 billion, showing consistent growth. The territory is recognized as a hub for offshore banking and re-exportation, while inflation rates have been on the rise.

$105,300: Real GDP per capita (2024 est.).
2.1%: Real GDP growth rate (2024 est.).
0.2%: Agricultural sector contribution to GDP (2023 est.).
4.6%: Industrial sector contribution to GDP (2023 est.).
$1.599 billion: Exports in 2023.

Government

Bermuda operates as an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom with a limited self-governing framework. The capital, Hamilton, serves as the political and administrative center. The governance structure includes a parliamentary democracy with a bicameral legislature. The Premier, currently David Burt, leads the government, while the monarch is represented by a Governor.

18 years: Voting age for universal suffrage.
36: Total seats in the House of Assembly.
11: Seats in the Senate (appointed).
63.6%: Female representation in the Senate.
5 years: Term for members of the House of Assembly.

Military and Security

Bermuda's defense responsibilities lie with the UK, with the Royal Bermuda Regiment comprising about 350 personnel. The Regiment handles various duties, including maritime security, search and rescue operations, and public order maintenance, while also being equipped primarily with small arms.

350: Troops in the Royal Bermuda Regiment (2025).
3 years: Minimum service period for volunteers.
Maritime security: One of the primary responsibilities of the Regiment.

Energy

Bermuda boasts 100% electricity access, primarily generated from fossil fuels (99% of installed capacity). The installed generating capacity reaches approximately 172,000 kW, with energy consumption per capita amounting to 122.737 million Btu/person in 2023.

590.38 million kWh: Total electricity consumption (2023).
4 metric tons: Coal consumption (2023).
4,000 bbl/day: Refined petroleum consumption (2023).

Environment

Bermuda faces various environmental challenges, such as air pollution from vehicles and waste management issues. The land is primarily used for other purposes, comprising 80% of the territory, with only 5.6% dedicated to agriculture. The island's climate supports a rich biodiversity but is vulnerable to natural hazards like hurricanes.

577,000 metric tonnes: CO2 emissions (2023).
14.4%: Forested land (2023 est.).
2%: Percentage of municipal solid waste recycled (2012).

Transportation

The transportation framework in Bermuda includes one airport and a merchant marine fleet of 122 vessels. The territory has an extensive port system comprising four ports with significant maritime activities.

1: Total airports (2025).
122: Total ships in the merchant marine (2023).
4: Total ports (2024).

Communications

Bermuda has a highly developed communication network, with high mobile cellular subscription rates and internet access reaching about 98% of the population. The presence of multiple radio stations and TV channels enhances information flow.

68,164: Mobile cellular subscriptions (2022).
25,000: Fixed-line subscriptions (2021).
23,000: Broadband fixed subscriptions (2022).

Key Metrics

Metric	Value	Note
Population	72,800 (2024 est.)
Area	54 sq km
Real GDP (PPP)	$6.808 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita	$105,300 (2024 est.)
Energy consumption	590.38 million kWh (2023)
Birth rate	10.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Life expectancy	82.5 years (2024 est.)
Unemployment	N/A	Data not available
Total fertility rate	1.88 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Urban population	100% of total population (2023)