Country Profile: Navassa Island
Navassa Island is a small, uninhabited island located in the Caribbean Sea, approximately 30 nautical miles from the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti. The island has a rich history of guano mining and has been recognized for its unique biodiversity, becoming a National Wildlife Refuge in 1999. Governed as an unincorporated territory of the United States, it is managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service. The island's strategic location enhances its significance, particularly regarding U.S. military interests.
Geography
Navassa Island is situated in the Caribbean Sea, approximately 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The island covers an area of 5.4 square kilometers and features a terrain characterized by a raised flat coral and limestone plateau, bordered by steep white cliffs. It has a tropical marine climate and is exposed to occasional hurricanes.
- 5.4 sq km – total land area
- 8 km – coastline length
- 200 nm – exclusive economic zone
- 9 to 15 m – height of vertical cliffs surrounding the island
- 200 m – highest elevation point
People and Society
Navassa Island is currently uninhabited, with no permanent population residing on it. The island's isolation and lack of infrastructure contribute to its uninhabitability.
- Uninhabited – total population
Government
Navassa Island is classified as an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States and is administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Although Haiti claims the island, no formal governance exists, and U.S. laws are applicable. The U.S. flag is used to represent the island.
- Administered by – Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior
- Claimed by – Haiti since the 19th century
Military and Security
The defense and security of Navassa Island fall under the responsibilities of the United States. This strategic position has implications for U.S. military operations in the region.
Environment
Navassa Island faces environmental issues, including coral bleaching, which threatens its biodiversity. The island's unique ecosystem remains a focus of scientific expeditions that highlight its environmental significance.
- 100% – land use classified as other, primarily featuring undisturbed natural areas
Key Metrics
| Metric | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Area | 5.4 sq km | Total land area |
| Population | Uninhabited | No permanent residents |
| Highest Point | 200 m | Elevation above sea level |
| Coastline | 8 km | Length of coastline |
| Climate | Tropical marine | Climate type on the island |
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