Country Profile: Czechia

Czechia, located in Central Europe, is a landlocked country bordered by Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria. With a population of approximately 10.8 million, the nation boasts a diverse economy characterized by a robust manufacturing sector, particularly in the automotive industry. Governed as a parliamentary republic, Czechia has experienced a transition to democracy since the peaceful Velvet Revolution of 1989, joining NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.

Geography

Czechia is centrally located in Europe, featuring diverse terrain from rolling plains in Bohemia to hilly regions in Moravia. The country encompasses an area of 78,867 square kilometers, making it slightly smaller than South Carolina. As a landlocked nation, it has no coastline and is strategically positioned along historic trade routes.

78,867 sq km: Total land area.
2,046 km: Length of land borders with neighboring countries.
1,602 m: Highest point, Snezka Mountain.
45.8%: Percentage of land used for agriculture (2023).
38.2%: Percentage of forested land (2023).
220 sq km: Area of irrigated land (2022).

People and Society

The population of Czechia is estimated at 10,838,703 for 2025, predominantly Czech (57.3%), with a significant urban population of 74.6%. The country showcases a low birth rate of 9.56 births per 1,000 people, along with a high life expectancy of 78.6 years. Czech is the official language, and a notable portion of the population identifies as unaffiliated with any religious group.

0.97 male(s)/female: Sex ratio in the total population (2024 est.).
74.6%: Urbanization rate (2023).
53.7%: Proportion of married women aged 15-49 (2021).
28.5 years: Average age for mothers at first birth (2020).
2.5 deaths/1,000 live births: Infant mortality rate (2025 est.).

Economy

Czechia maintains a high-income, diversified economy, with a strong focus on manufacturing and exports. The GDP per capita is expected to be around $48,000 in 2024, driven by domestic consumption and investments. The country has achieved energy independence from Russian oil as of April 2025.

$521.928 billion: Projected real GDP (PPP) for 2024.
2.6%: Unemployment rate (2024 est.).
69%: Share of exports in GDP (2023 est.).
10.2%: Population living below the poverty line (2021 est.).
$94.01 billion: Estimated central government revenues for 2022.

Government

Czechia operates as a parliamentary republic, with the President as head of state and the Prime Minister as head of government. The political system includes a bicameral legislature, and universal suffrage is granted to citizens aged 18 and over. Key political parties include ANO and the Civic Democratic Party.

President: Petr Pavel (since March 2023).
Prime Minister: Andrej Babis (since December 2025).
Parliament: Bicameral, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.
Latest election: President elected in January 2023.

Military and Security

Czechia's military is organized into land forces, air force, and special forces. The country has committed around 2% of its GDP to military expenditures, highlighting its defense strategy and participation in NATO missions.

28,000: Active-duty military personnel (2025).
2%: Military expenditure as a percentage of GDP (2025 est.).
130: Military deployments in Lithuania and Slovakia (NATO, 2024).

Energy

Czechia benefits from a well-developed energy sector, with complete electrification of the population and a balanced energy mix including nuclear, fossil fuels, and renewables. The country is pushing for increased energy efficiency and alternative energy sources.

100%: Access to electricity for the total population (2022 est.).
3.96 GW: Combined net capacity of operational nuclear reactors (2025 est.).
63.628 billion kWh: Total electricity consumption (2023 est.).

Environment

The country faces environmental challenges, primarily due to pollution from industry and agriculture. Czechia is actively engaged in various international environmental agreements aimed at mitigating these issues.

15 micrograms/m³: Particulate matter emissions (2019 est.).
5.335 million tons: Annual municipal solid waste generated (2024 est.).

Transportation

Czechia has a robust transportation infrastructure including extensive railways and nearly 300 airports and heliports. The rail system supports both passenger and freight transport across the country.

9,548 km: Total railway length (2020).
252: Airports available (2025).

Communications

With a high rate of internet penetration and a significant number of mobile subscriptions, Czechia has a modern communications landscape that supports connectivity throughout the country.

86%: Internet usage rate among the population (2023 est.).
13.6 million: Total mobile cellular subscriptions (2024 est.).

Key Metrics

Metric	Value	Note
Population	10,838,703	Estimated for 2025
Area	78,867 sq km
GDP (PPP)	$521.928 billion	Projected for 2024
Unemployment Rate	2.6%	Estimated for 2024
Birth Rate	9.56 births/1,000	Estimated for 2025
Life Expectancy	78.6 years	Estimated for 2024
Energy Consumption per Capita	136.306 million Btu/person	Estimated for 2023
Urban Population	74.6%	Of total population (2023)
Total Area of Agricultural Land	45.8%	Estimated for 2023
Annual Municipal Solid Waste	5.335 million tons	Estimated for 2024