Country Profile: Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein, a small Principality located in Central Europe between Austria and Switzerland, boasts a rich history as a sovereign state since 1806. With a population of approximately 40,547, it is known for its high-income economy that thrives on financial services and strong ties to Switzerland. Governed as a constitutional monarchy, the country features a unique blend of historical significance and modern economic growth, largely spurred by favorable taxation policies since World War II.

Geography

Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked country characterized by mountainous terrain, primarily from the Alps, and situated along the Rhine River's valley. It encompasses a total area of 160 square kilometers, making it about 90% the size of Washington, D.C. The climate is continental, with cold winters and mild summers, contributing to its varied natural resources.

160 sq km: Total area of Liechtenstein.
75 km: Total land boundaries with Austria and Switzerland.
2,599 m: Highest point, Vorder-Grauspitz.
0 km: Coastline, as it is entirely landlocked.

People and Society

The population of Liechtenstein is estimated to be around 40,547, with a fairly balanced gender ratio. The majority of residents are Liechtensteiners, followed by Swiss and Austrians. The official language is German, with a strong presence of Roman Catholicism among the population. The society is characterized by a median age of 44.4 years, reflecting a stable demographic structure.

15.3%: Population aged 0-14 years (2025 est.).
63.9%: Population aged 15-64 years (2025 est.).
20.8%: Population aged 65 years and over (2024 est.).
83 years: Life expectancy at birth (2024 est.).

Economy

Liechtenstein has an advanced and high-income economy, using the Swiss franc as its currency and participating in the Schengen Area. The economy relies on significant exports primarily to the US and Eurozone markets, focusing on financial services, manufacturing, and agriculture. It consistently ranks among the highest countries in GDP per capita globally.

$7.172 billion: Real GDP (PPP) estimated for 2024.
$210,600: Real GDP per capita estimated for 2024.
2.8%: Estimated inflation rate for 2022.
40.6%: Contribution of industry to GDP (2022).

Government

Liechtenstein operates under a constitutional monarchy, with a parliamentary system that allows for democratic participation in governance. Officially established as a principality in 1719, it has a unique legal and electoral system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German laws. The capital is Vaduz, where the Prince and government institutions are located.

18 years: Age of suffrage.
25: Number of seats in the unicameral legislature (Landtag).
64.7%: Percentage of currently married women aged 15-49 (2020 est.).
5 years: Residency requirement for naturalization.

Military and Security

Liechtenstein maintains no regular military forces, relying instead on the National Police for security. This approach aligns with its long-standing policy of neutrality and contributes to the country’s stability and safety.

Energy

The country enjoys a complete access to electricity, boasting a 100% electrification rate as of 2022. This underscores its commitment to modern infrastructure and energy reliability.

Environment

Liechtenstein faces environmental challenges typical of urbanized regions, including local air pollution. It actively participates in international environmental agreements, addressing issues such as climate change and biodiversity.

100%: Population with access to improved drinking water (2022 est.).
32,400 tons: Estimated municipal solid waste generated annually (2024 est.).
64.6%: Percentage of municipal solid waste recycled (2015 est.).

Transportation

Liechtenstein has developed a transportation infrastructure that includes railways and a small merchant marine. Despite its limited size, it is well-connected to neighboring countries, facilitating trade and travel.

9 km: Total length of railways (2018).
2: Number of heliports (2025).
17: Total merchant marine vessels (2023).

Communications

With a high rate of internet penetration at 97%, Liechtenstein has embraced modern communication technologies. Its broadcasting relies mainly on foreign media, while local radio and emerging television networks are developing.

51,400: Mobile cellular subscriptions (2024).
20,000: Fixed broadband subscriptions (2023).

Key Metrics

Metric	Value	Note
Population	40,547 (2025 est.)
Area	160 sq km
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)	$7.172 billion (2024 est.)
Electricity Access	100%
Birth Rate	10.31 births/1,000 people (2025 est.)
Unemployment Rate	Not provided
Life Expectancy	83 years (2024 est.)